Formation flying is a research area within the field of aerospace engineering and autonomous systems that focuses on developing techniques and technologies for coordinating the flight paths of multiple spacecraft or aircraft to maintain a specific geometric configuration relative to each other. This can be done for various purposes such as enhancing communication, navigation, surveillance, or imaging capabilities, as well as for scientific observations or military applications. Formation flying requires precise control algorithms and communication systems to enable the coordinated movement of multiple vehicles in close proximity while avoiding collisions and maintaining the desired formation shape. The research in this area also explores challenges such as energy efficiency, fault tolerance, and scalability in deploying and operating formation flying systems.